- #include <LiquidCrystal.h> //申明1602液晶的函数库
- //申明1602液晶的引脚所连接的Arduino数字端口,8线或4线数据模式,任选其一
- //LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2); //8数据口模式连线声明
- LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,7,6,5,A5,A4); //4数据口模式连线声明
- int Echo = A1; // Echo回声脚(P2.0)
- int Trig =A0; // Trig 触发脚(P2.1)
- int Front_Distance = 0;//
- int Left_Distance = 0;
- int Right_Distance = 0;
- int Left_motor_back=8; //左电机后退(IN1)
- int Left_motor_go=9; //左电机前进(IN2)
- int Right_motor_go=10; // 右电机前进(IN3)
- int Right_motor_back=11; // 右电机后退(IN4)
- int key=A2;//定义按键 A2 接口
- int beep=A3;//定义蜂鸣器 A3 接口
- //const int SensorRight = 3; //右循迹红外传感器(P3.2 OUT1)
- //const int SensorLeft = 4; //左循迹红外传感器(P3.3 OUT2)
- //const int SensorRight_2 = 6; //右红外传感器(P3.5 OUT4)
- //const int SensorLeft_2 = 5; //左红外传感器(P3.4 OUT3)
- //int SL; //左循迹红外传感器状态
- //int SR; //右循迹红外传感器状态
- //int SL_2; //左红外传感器状态
- //int SR_2; //右红外传感器状态
- int servopin=2;//设置舵机驱动脚到数字口2
- int myangle;//定义角度变量
- int pulsewidth;//定义脉宽变量
- int val;
- const int SensorRight = 3; //右循迹红外传感器(P3.2 OUT1)
- const int SensorLeft = 4;
- int SL; //左循迹红外传感器状态
- int SR;
- void setup()
- {
- Serial.begin(9600); // 初始化串口
- //初始化电机驱动IO为输出方式
- pinMode(Left_motor_go,OUTPUT); // PIN 8 (PWM)
- pinMode(Left_motor_back,OUTPUT); // PIN 9 (PWM)
- pinMode(Right_motor_go,OUTPUT);// PIN 10 (PWM)
- pinMode(Right_motor_back,OUTPUT);// PIN 11 (PWM)
- pinMode(key,INPUT);//定义按键接口为输入接口
- pinMode(beep,OUTPUT);
- // pinMode(SensorRight, INPUT); //定义右循迹红外传感器为输入
- // pinMode(SensorLeft, INPUT); //定义左循迹红外传感器为输入
- //pinMode(SensorRight_2, INPUT); //定义右红外传感器为输入
- //pinMode(SensorLeft_2, INPUT); //定义左红外传感器为输入
- //初始化超声波引脚
- pinMode(Echo, INPUT); // 定义超声波输入脚
- pinMode(Trig, OUTPUT); // 定义超声波输出脚
- lcd.begin(16,2); //初始化1602液晶工作 模式
- //定义1602液晶显示范围为2行16列字符
- pinMode(servopin,OUTPUT);//设定舵机接口为输出接口
- }
- //=======================智能小车的基本动作=========================
- //void run(int time) // 前进
- void run() // 前进
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,HIGH); // 右电机前进
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,120);//PWM比例0~255调速,左右轮差异略增减
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,0);
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,HIGH); // 左电机前进
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,120);//PWM比例0~255调速,左右轮差异略增减
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,0);
- //delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void brake(int time) //刹车,停车
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,LOW);
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,LOW);
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,LOW);
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,LOW);
- delay(time * 100);//执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void left(int time)
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,HIGH); // 右电机前进
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,200);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,LOW); //左轮后退
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void spin_left(int time) //左转(左轮后退,右轮前进)
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,HIGH); // 右电机前进
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,150);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,LOW); //左轮后退
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,HIGH);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,150);//PWM比例0~255调速
- delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void right(int time)
- //void right() //右转(右轮不动,左轮前进)
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,LOW); //右电机后退
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,HIGH);//左电机前进
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,200);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void spin_right(int time) //右转(右轮后退,左轮前进)
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,LOW); //右电机后退
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,HIGH);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,150);//PWM比例0~255调速
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,HIGH);//左电机前进
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,LOW);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,150);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,0);//PWM比例0~255调速
- delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- void back(int time) //后退
- {
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_go,LOW); //右轮后退
- digitalWrite(Right_motor_back,HIGH);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Right_motor_back,200);//PWM比例0~255调速
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_go,LOW); //左轮后退
- digitalWrite(Left_motor_back,HIGH);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_go,0);
- analogWrite(Left_motor_back,200);//PWM比例0~255调速
- delay(time * 100); //执行时间,可以调整
- }
- //==========================================================
- void keysacn()//按键扫描
- {
- int val;
- val=digitalRead(key);//读取数字7 口电平值赋给val
- while(!digitalRead(key))//当按键没被按下时,一直循环
- {
- val=digitalRead(key);//此句可省略,可让循环跑空
- }
- while(digitalRead(key))//当按键被按下时
- {
- delay(10); //延时10ms
- val=digitalRead(key);//读取数字7 口电平值赋给val
- if(val==HIGH) //第二次判断按键是否被按下
- {
- digitalWrite(beep,HIGH); //蜂鸣器响
- while(!digitalRead(key)) //判断按键是否被松开
- digitalWrite(beep,LOW); //蜂鸣器停止
- }
- else
- digitalWrite(beep,LOW); //蜂鸣器停止
- }
- }
- float Distance_test() // 量出前方距离
- {
- digitalWrite(Trig, LOW); // 给触发脚低电平2μs
- delayMicroseconds(2);
- digitalWrite(Trig, HIGH); // 给触发脚高电平10μs,这里至少是10μs
- delayMicroseconds(10);
- digitalWrite(Trig, LOW); // 持续给触发脚低电
- float Fdistance = pulseIn(Echo, HIGH); // 读取高电平时间(单位:微秒)
- Fdistance= Fdistance/58; //为什么除以58等于厘米, Y米=(X秒*344)/2
- // X秒=( 2*Y米)/344 ==》X秒=0.0058*Y米 ==》厘米=微秒/58
- //Serial.print("Distance:"); //输出距离(单位:厘米)
- //Serial.println(Fdistance); //显示距离
- //Distance = Fdistance;
- return Fdistance;
- }
- void Distance_display(int Distance)//显示距离
- {
- if((2<Distance)&(Distance<400))
- {
- lcd.home(); //把光标移回左上角,即从头开始输出
- lcd.print(" Distance: "); //显示
- lcd.setCursor(6,2); //把光标定位在第2行,第6列
- lcd.print(Distance); //显示距离
- lcd.print("cm"); //显示
- }
- else
- {
- lcd.home(); //把光标移回左上角,即从头开始输出
- lcd.print("!!! Out of range"); //显示
- }
- delay(250);
- lcd.clear();
- }
- void servopulse(int servopin,int myangle)/*定义一个脉冲函数,用来模拟方式产生PWM值*/
- {
- pulsewidth=(myangle*11)+500;//将角度转化为500-2480 的脉宽值
- digitalWrite(servopin,HIGH);//将舵机接口电平置高
- delayMicroseconds(pulsewidth);//延时脉宽值的微秒数
- digitalWrite(servopin,LOW);//将舵机接口电平置低
- delay(20-pulsewidth/1000);//延时周期内剩余时间
- }
- void front_detection()
- {
- //此处循环次数减少,为了增加小车遇到障碍物的反应速度
- for(int i=0;i<=5;i++) //产生PWM个数,等效延时以保证能转到响应角度
- {
- servopulse(servopin,75);//模拟产生PWM
- }
- Front_Distance = Distance_test();
- //Serial.print("Front_Distance:"); //输出距离(单位:厘米)
- // Serial.println(Front_Distance); //显示距离
- //Distance_display(Front_Distance);
- }
- void left_detection()
- {
- for(int i=0;i<=15;i++) //产生PWM个数,等效延时以保证能转到响应角度
- {
- servopulse(servopin,180);//模拟产生PWM
- }
- Left_Distance = Distance_test();
- //Serial.print("Left_Distance:"); //输出距离(单位:厘米)
- //Serial.println(Left_Distance); //显示距离
- }
- void right_detection()
- {
- for(int i=0;i<=15;i++) //产生PWM个数,等效延时以保证能转到响应角度
- {
- servopulse(servopin,5);//模拟产生PWM
- }
- Right_Distance = Distance_test();
- //Serial.print("Right_Distance:"); //输出距离(单位:厘米)
- //Serial.println(Right_Distance); //显示距离
- }
- //===========================================================
- void zizhu()
- {
-
- {
- front_detection();//测量前方距离
- if(Front_Distance < 32)//当遇到障碍物时
- {
- back(2);//后退减速
- brake(2);//停下来做测距
- left_detection();//测量左边距障碍物距离
- Distance_display(Left_Distance);//液晶屏显示距离
- right_detection();//测量右边距障碍物距离
- Distance_display(Right_Distance);//液晶屏显示距离
- if((Left_Distance < 35 ) &&( Right_Distance < 35 ))//当左右两侧均有障碍物靠得比较近
- spin_left(0.7);//旋转掉头
- else if(Left_Distance > Right_Distance)//左边比右边空旷
- {
- left(3);//左转
- brake(1);//刹车,稳定方向
- }
- else//右边比左边空旷
- {
- right(3);//右转
- brake(1);//刹车,稳定方向
- }
- }
- else
- {
- run(); //无障碍物,直行
- }
- }
- }
- void bizhang()
- {
-
- {
- //有信号为LOW 没有信号为HIGH
- SR = digitalRead(SensorRight);//有信号表明在白色区域,车子底板上L3亮;没信号表明压在黑线上,车子底板上L3灭
- SL = digitalRead(SensorLeft);//有信号表明在白色区域,车子底板上L2亮;没信号表明压在黑线上,车子底板上L2灭
- if (SL == LOW&&SR==LOW)
- run(); //调用前进函数
- else if (SL == HIGH & SR == LOW)// 左循迹红外传感器,检测到信号,车子向右偏离轨道,向左转
- left();
- else if (SR == HIGH & SL == LOW) // 右循迹红外传感器,检测到信号,车子向左偏离轨道,向右转
- right();
- else void zizhu();
-
- }
- }
- void loop()
- {
- }
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