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本帖最后由 muggle 于 2013-9-1 09:43 编辑
家庭能源消耗管理，是指能够即时查看电力消耗数据，而且能够通过历史数据图表，实现能源消耗的可视化管理。国外的电力公司，一般都为用户提供丰富的可视化能源管理数据，也曾经有Google和Microsoft等互联网巨头参与其中。但是，国内这方面一直还是空白，电力公司的抄表数据只是收费用途，并不能提供家庭能源消耗的数据，很多家庭的跑冒滴漏浪费因此产生。
我曾经考虑了很久，也参考了一些国外的商业和开源物联网项目。从去年中期，开始确定要做想法一个网络电能表，其间经历了许多波折，终于在六月份完成了家庭电表数据上网，真正实现了家庭能源消耗的可视化管理。
试验项目链接：
http://www.lewei50.com/home/gatewaystatus/1117
微博推送的时点和日/周/月统计信息
http://weibo.com/u/1665750791
这是早在一月份分享的一个测试版本，当时只是一个插座的数据，而且遇到了数据转换的问题，终于在朋友的帮助下，克服了困难，但是也停顿了很久。
http://www.geek-workshop.com/thread-3178-1-1.html
目前实现的项目，技术并没有什么突破，只是将分流电阻取样的电量模块，改成了以互感器取样的电量模块。物联网数据上传部分，采用485-MODBUS接口连接到Arduino，最后由5100盾板将数据传送到乐为互联。
网络电量表预计有下面三个版本：
电量模块+485+Arduino+5100 (有线网络版本) 2013.06.30已经实现
电量模块+485+Arduino+串口WIFI (无线网络版本) 近期计划
电量模块+485+Arduino+GPRS (无线网络版本) 2013.07.18原型测试成功，有待套件优化
- // LeWei AC Power Meter trail success2013.06.25
- // LeWei AC Power Meter (ZongBiao60A)trail syccess 2013.06.30 18:50pm
- // 4 Parameter: watt / kwh / Amp / Voltage / Pf
- /* FIXME: not yet being used */
- unsigned long interframe_delay = 2; /* Modbus t3.5 = 2 ms */
- /*
- * preset_multiple_registers: Modbus function 16. Write the data from an
- * array into the holding registers of a slave.
- * INPUTS
- * slave: modbus slave id number
- * start_addr: address of the slave's first register (+1)
- * reg_count: number of consecutive registers to preset
- * data: array of words (ints) with the data to write into the slave
- * RETURNS: the number of bytes received as response on success, or
- * 0 if no bytes received (i.e. response timeout)
- * -1 to -4 (modbus exception code)
- * -5 for other errors (port error, etc.).
- */
- int preset_multiple_registers(int slave, int start_addr,
- int reg_count, int *data);
- /*
- * read_holding_registers: Modbus function 3. Read the holding registers
- * in a slave and put the data into an array
- * INPUTS
- * slave: modbus slave id number
- * start_addr: address of the slave's first register (+1)
- * count: number of consecutive registers to read
- * dest: array of words (ints) on which the read data is to be stored
- * dest_size: size of the array, which should be at least 'count'
- * RETURNS: the number of bytes received as response on success, or
- * 0 if no valid response received (i.e. response timeout, bad crc)
- * -1 to -4 (modbus exception code)
- * -5 for other errors (port error, etc.).
- */
- int read_holding_registers(int slave, int start_addr, int count,
- int *dest, int dest_size);
- /*
- open.lewei50.com sensor client
- */
- #include <SPI.h>
- #include <Ethernet.h>
- #include <LeweiClient.h>
- #define USERKEY "Your API Key" // replace your key here
- #define LW_GATEWAY "Your Gateway No."
-
- LeWeiClient *lwc;
- unsigned long lastConnectionTime = 0; // last time you connected to the server, in milliseconds
- boolean lastConnected = false; // state of the connection last time through the main loop
- const unsigned long postingInterval = 30*1000; //delay between updates to cosm.com
- int pin = 8;
- unsigned long duration;
- unsigned long starttime;
- unsigned long sampletime_ms = 30000;
- unsigned long lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
- float ratio = 0;
- double concentration = 0;
- void setup() {
- // start serial port:
- Serial.begin(4800);
- pinMode(8,INPUT);
- delay(10000);
-
- lwc = new LeWeiClient(USERKEY, LW_GATEWAY);
- starttime = millis();
- }
- /* filter program : 20130521 */
- #define FILTERLEN 10
- unsigned long Array_Average( unsigned long* Array,int length)
- {
- int x;
- unsigned long returnVal;
- unsigned long result=0;
- for(x=0;x<length;x++)
- {
- result+=Array[x];
- Serial.print("result=");
- Serial.println(result);
- }
- returnVal=result/length;
- return returnVal;
- }
- unsigned long Filter1(unsigned long lowpulse)
- {
- static unsigned long sfiterArray[FILTERLEN];
- static int sindex=0;
- int x;
- Serial.println("filter1 begin:");
- if(FILTERLEN>sindex)
- {
- sindex++;
- Serial.println(sindex);
- sfiterArray[sindex]=lowpulse;
- Serial.println("filter1 END");
- return lowpulse;
- }
- else
- {
- for(x=0;x<FILTERLEN-1;x++)
- {
- sfiterArray[x]=sfiterArray[x+1];
- }
- sfiterArray[FILTERLEN-1]=lowpulse;
- for(x=0;x<FILTERLEN;x++)
- {
- Serial.println(sfiterArray[x]);
- }
- Serial.println("Aver:");
- Serial.println(Array_Average(sfiterArray,FILTERLEN));
- Serial.println("filter1 END");
- return(Array_Average(sfiterArray,FILTERLEN));
-
- }
-
- }
- /*END: filter program : 20130521 */
- int x=0; //simulated sensor output
- int sampling=1;
- int transfering=0;
- /* Modbus para */
- int retval;
- int data[10];
- int tt[30]; //int changed to unsigned int
- void loop() {
-
- int i;
- /* example, this will write some data in the first 10 registers of slave 1 */
- // retval = preset_multiple_registers(1,1,10, data);
- // data[0] = retval;
- // data[1]++;
- // data[8]=0xdead;
- // data[9] = 0xbeaf;
- // delay(500);
- //int read_holding_registers(int slave, int start_addr, int count,int *dest, int dest_size);
- // retval = read_holding_registers(2,1, 1,tt,6);
- retval = read_holding_registers(1, 0x49, 6, tt, 1); // 1:5,2:7,3:9
- // delay(1000);
- // Serial.print("receve flag=");
- // Serial.println(retval);
- int Voltage = tt[0];
- Voltage = Voltage / 100;
- float Amp = tt[1];
- Amp = Amp / 1000;
- int Watt = tt[2];
- //long y=x0*65536+x1;
- unsigned int Kwhh = (unsigned int)tt[3];
- //unsigned int Kwhh = (unsigned int)65535; //test maximum
- unsigned int Kwhl = (unsigned int)tt[4];
- unsigned long kwhA = (unsigned long) Kwhh *65536 + Kwhl;
- // unsigned long kwhA = Kwhh <<16 + Kwhl;
- float Kwh = kwhA;
- Kwh = Kwh / 3200;
- // double Kwh = kwhA / 3200; //Kwh = kwh / 32;
- // int Kwh = tt[4];
- float Pf = tt[5];
- Pf = Pf / 1000;
- float Cabon = tt[5];
- Cabon = Cabon / 1000;
-
- Serial.print(Voltage);
- Serial.print(Amp);
- Serial.print(Watt);
- Serial.print(Kwh);
- Serial.print(Pf);
- Serial.print(Cabon);
-
- // 4 Parameter: watt / kwh / Amp / Voltage / Pf
-
- lwc->append("T21", Kwh);
- lwc->append("T22", Watt);
- lwc->append("T23", Amp);
- lwc->append("T24", Voltage);
- lwc->append("T25", Pf);
- // lwc->append("06", Cabon);
-
-
- lwc->send();
- delay(15000);
- }
- // this method makes a HTTP connection to the server:
- /****************************************************************************
- * BEGIN MODBUS RTU MASTER FUNCTIONS
- ****************************************************************************/
- //#define TIMEOUT 1000 /* 1 second */
- #define TIMEOUT 10000 /* 10 second */
- #define MAX_READ_REGS 125
- #define MAX_WRITE_REGS 125
- #define MAX_RESPONSE_LENGTH 256
- #define PRESET_QUERY_SIZE 256
- /* errors */
- #define PORT_ERROR -5
- /*
- CRC
-
- INPUTS:
- buf -> Array containing message to be sent to controller.
- start -> Start of loop in crc counter, usually 0.
- cnt -> Amount of bytes in message being sent to controller/
- OUTPUTS:
- temp -> Returns crc byte for message.
- COMMENTS:
- This routine calculates the crc high and low byte of a message.
- Note that this crc is only used for Modbus, not Modbus+ etc.
- ****************************************************************************/
- unsigned int crc(unsigned char *buf, int start, int cnt)
- {
- int i, j;
- unsigned temp, temp2, flag;
- temp = 0xFFFF;
- for (i = start; i < cnt; i++) {
- temp = temp ^ buf[i];
- for (j = 1; j <= 8; j++) {
- flag = temp & 0x0001;
- temp = temp >> 1;
- if (flag)
- temp = temp ^ 0xA001;
- }
- }
- /* Reverse byte order. */
- temp2 = temp >> 8;
- temp = (temp << 8) | temp2;
- temp &= 0xFFFF;
- return (temp);
- }
- /***********************************************************************
- *
- * The following functions construct the required query into
- * a modbus query packet.
- *
- ***********************************************************************/
- #define REQUEST_QUERY_SIZE 6 /* the following packets require */
- #define CHECKSUM_SIZE 2 /* 6 unsigned chars for the packet plus */
- /* 2 for the checksum. */
- void build_request_packet(int slave, int function, int start_addr,
- int count, unsigned char *packet)
- {
- packet[0] = slave;
- packet[1] = function;
- start_addr -= 1;
- packet[2] = start_addr >> 8;
- packet[3] = start_addr & 0x00ff;
- packet[4] = count >> 8;
- packet[5] = count & 0x00ff;
- //below test only
- // packet[0] =0x01;
- // packet[1] = 0x03;
- // packet[2] = 0;
- // packet[3] = 0x48;
- // packet[4] = 0;
- // packet[5] = 0x02;
- }
- /*************************************************************************
- *
- * modbus_query( packet, length)
- *
- * Function to add a checksum to the end of a packet.
- * Please note that the packet array must be at least 2 fields longer than
- * string_length.
- **************************************************************************/
- void modbus_query(unsigned char *packet, size_t string_length)
- {
- int temp_crc;
- temp_crc = crc(packet, 0, string_length);
- packet[string_length++] = temp_crc >> 8;
- packet[string_length++] = temp_crc & 0x00FF;
- packet[string_length] = 0;
- }
- /***********************************************************************
- *
- * send_query(query_string, query_length )
- *
- * Function to send a query out to a modbus slave.
- ************************************************************************/
- int send_query(unsigned char *query, size_t string_length)
- {
- int i;
- modbus_query(query, string_length);
- string_length += 2;
- for (i = 0; i < string_length; i++) {
- // Serial.print(query[i], HEX); //Orginal
- Serial.write(query[i]); //JingLi
- }
- /* without the following delay, the reading of the response might be wrong
- * apparently, */
- delay(200); /* FIXME: value to use? */
- return i; /* it does not mean that the write was succesful, though */
- }
- /***********************************************************************
- *
- * receive_response( array_for_data )
- *
- * Function to monitor for the reply from the modbus slave.
- * This function blocks for timeout seconds if there is no reply.
- *
- * Returns: Total number of characters received.
- ***********************************************************************/
- int receive_response(unsigned char *received_string)
- {
- int bytes_received = 0;
- int i = 0;
- /* wait for a response; this will block! */
- while(Serial.available() == 0) {
- delay(1);
- if (i++ > TIMEOUT)
- return bytes_received;
- }
- delay(200);
- /* FIXME: does Serial.available wait 1.5T or 3.5T before exiting the loop? */
- while(Serial.available()) {
- received_string[bytes_received] = Serial.read();
- // Serial.print(bytes_received); //only test
- // Serial.print("-"); //only test
- // Serial.println(received_string[bytes_received]); //only test
- bytes_received++;
- if (bytes_received >= MAX_RESPONSE_LENGTH)
- return PORT_ERROR;
- }
- //Serial.print("bytes_received=");
- //Serial.println(bytes_received);
- return (bytes_received);
- }
- /*********************************************************************
- *
- * modbus_response( response_data_array, query_array )
- *
- * Function to the correct response is returned and that the checksum
- * is correct.
- *
- * Returns: string_length if OK
- * 0 if failed
- * Less than 0 for exception errors
- *
- * Note: All functions used for sending or receiving data via
- * modbus return these return values.
- *
- **********************************************************************/
- int modbus_response(unsigned char *data, unsigned char *query)
- {
- int response_length;
- int i;
- unsigned int crc_calc = 0;
- unsigned int crc_received = 0;
- unsigned char recv_crc_hi;
- unsigned char recv_crc_lo;
- do { // repeat if unexpected slave replied
- response_length = receive_response(data);
- }
- while ((response_length > 0) && (data[0] != query[0]));
- // for (i = 0; i <response_length; i++) { Serial.print(data[i]);Serial.print("---"); Serial.println(query[i]);} //only test
- if (response_length) {
- crc_calc = crc(data, 0, response_length - 2);
- recv_crc_hi = (unsigned) data[response_length - 2];
- recv_crc_lo = (unsigned) data[response_length - 1];
- crc_received = data[response_length - 2];
- crc_received = (unsigned) crc_received << 8;
- crc_received =
- crc_received | (unsigned) data[response_length - 1];
- /*********** check CRC of response ************/
- if (crc_calc != crc_received) {
- response_length = 0;
- // Serial.println("CRC erro"); //only test
- }
- /********** check for exception response *****/
- if (response_length && data[1] != query[1]) {
- response_length = 0 - data[2];
- }
- }
- return (response_length);
- }
- /************************************************************************
- *
- * read_reg_response
- *
- * reads the response data from a slave and puts the data into an
- * array.
- *
- ************************************************************************/
- int read_reg_response(int *dest, int dest_size, unsigned char *query)
- {
- unsigned char data[MAX_RESPONSE_LENGTH];
- int raw_response_length;
- int temp, i;
- raw_response_length = modbus_response(data, query);
- if (raw_response_length > 0)
- raw_response_length -= 2;
- if (raw_response_length > 0) {
- /* FIXME: data[2] * 2 ???!!! data[2] isn't already the byte count (number of registers * 2)?! */
- for (i = 0;
- i < (data[2] * 2) && i < (raw_response_length / 2);
- i++) {
- /* shift reg hi_byte to temp */
- temp = data[3 + i * 2] << 8;
- /* OR with lo_byte */
- temp = temp | data[4 + i * 2];
- dest[i] = temp;
- }
- }
- return (raw_response_length);
- }
- /***********************************************************************
- *
- * preset_response
- *
- * Gets the raw data from the input stream.
- *
- ***********************************************************************/
- int preset_response(unsigned char *query)
- {
- unsigned char data[MAX_RESPONSE_LENGTH];
- int raw_response_length;
- raw_response_length = modbus_response(data, query);
- return (raw_response_length);
- }
- /************************************************************************
- *
- * read_holding_registers
- *
- * Read the holding registers in a slave and put the data into
- * an array.
- *
- *************************************************************************/
- int read_holding_registers(int slave, int start_addr, int count,
- int *dest, int dest_size)
- {
- int function = 0x03; /* Function: Read Holding Registers */
- int ret;
- unsigned char packet[REQUEST_QUERY_SIZE + CHECKSUM_SIZE];
- if (count > MAX_READ_REGS) {
- count = MAX_READ_REGS;
- }
- build_request_packet(slave, function, start_addr, count, packet);
- if (send_query(packet, REQUEST_QUERY_SIZE) > -1) {
- ret = read_reg_response(dest, dest_size, packet);
- }
- else {
- ret = -1;
- }
- return (ret);
- }
- /************************************************************************
- *
- * preset_multiple_registers
- *
- * Write the data from an array into the holding registers of a
- * slave.
- *
- *************************************************************************/
- int preset_multiple_registers(int slave, int start_addr,
- int reg_count, int *data)
- {
- int function = 0x10; /* Function 16: Write Multiple Registers */
- int byte_count, i, packet_size = 6;
- int ret;
- unsigned char packet[PRESET_QUERY_SIZE];
- if (reg_count > MAX_WRITE_REGS) {
- reg_count = MAX_WRITE_REGS;
- }
- build_request_packet(slave, function, start_addr, reg_count, packet);
- byte_count = reg_count * 2;
- packet[6] = (unsigned char)byte_count;
- for (i = 0; i < reg_count; i++) {
- packet_size++;
- packet[packet_size] = data[i] >> 8;
- packet_size++;
- packet[packet_size] = data[i] & 0x00FF;
- }
- packet_size++;
- if (send_query(packet, packet_size) > -1) {
- ret = preset_response(packet);
- }
- else {
- ret = -1;
- }
- return (ret);
- }
本人知识有限，东拼西凑，朋友帮忙，希望能给大家抛砖引玉！
在这里，特别要感谢我的好朋友JingLi和LinZai，在“网络电量表”原型开发过程中的大力协助。
图片说明一下：第一张是“网络电能表”在乐联网的截图，第二张是家里电表的运行数字，第三张是使用到的互感器版本电量模块。
2013.09.01 更新程序代码 |
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发表于 2013-7-2 22:00:45
楼主
